01 April 2026 · Innovation Resource
What Are the 4 Stages of Bedsores?
A practical guide to pressure injury staging for clinicians, caregivers, and dealers across Canada — from early skin changes to deep tissue involvement.
The four stages of pressure injuries
Pressure injuries — also called bedsores or pressure ulcers — are classified by how deep the tissue damage goes. Early recognition and staging help guide the right intervention before skin breakdown worsens.
Stage 1
Intact skin with non-blanchable redness
The skin is unbroken but a localized area over a bony prominence stays red and does not turn white when pressed. On darker skin, look for changes in colour, temperature, or texture.
Stage 2
Partial-thickness skin loss
The top layer of skin is gone, revealing a pink or red wound bed. It may look like a shallow open wound or a ruptured blister filled with clear fluid.
Stage 3
Full-thickness skin loss into fat
The wound extends through the skin into the fatty layer below. Slough or eschar may be present, but deeper structures like muscle or bone are not visible.
Stage 4
Full-thickness tissue loss exposing bone, tendon, or muscle
The wound is deep enough to expose fascia, muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage, or bone. This stage requires immediate medical attention and coordinated wound care.
Prevention and early action
Most pressure injuries are preventable. A consistent routine of repositioning, skin checks, and the right support surface protects vulnerable clients and reduces hospitalization.
- Reposition at least every 2 hours for bedbound clients
- Use pressure-redistributing cushions, mattresses, and heel off-loaders
- Keep skin clean, dry, and protected from moisture and shear
- Inspect high-risk areas daily: sacrum, heels, hips, elbows, and tailbone
- Support protein, hydration, and overall nutrition to maintain skin integrity
Innovation Resource
What Are the 4 Stages of Bedsores?
Download the original April 2026 PowerPoint to share with colleagues or present in clinic.
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Who this resource is for
This guide is built for anyone involved in pressure injury prevention, assessment, and product selection across Canadian healthcare settings.
- Occupational and physical therapists in rehab and home care
- Nurses and wound-care clinicians assessing skin breakdown
- Caregivers and personal support workers supporting bedbound clients
- Dealers recommending pressure-management surfaces and seating
Need pressure-management products for your clients?
Sherriff Medical partners with Canadian manufacturers and dealers to help you find the right cushions, mattresses, and seating solutions. Reach out and we'll connect you with the closest support.